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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.hoffmanvisuals.com/2d-illustration-nl</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-19</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903575622-MI66RODF36M1X39ZLRW7/Hoffman_AorticDissection.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Blood flow through a normal aorta and an aorta with an aortic dissection</image:title>
      <image:caption>The blood flow in a healthy aorta compared to the blood flow in an aortic dissection. In a dissection, a tear in the inner layer of the vessel causes blood to flow between the layers and form a false lumen. Depicted here is a type A aortic dissection - a dissection occurring in the ascending aorta.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903575622-MI66RODF36M1X39ZLRW7/Hoffman_AorticDissection.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Blood flow through a normal aorta and an aorta with an aortic dissection</image:title>
      <image:caption>The blood flow in a healthy aorta compared to the blood flow in an aortic dissection. In a dissection, a tear in the inner layer of the vessel causes blood to flow between the layers and form a false lumen. Depicted here is a type A aortic dissection - a dissection occurring in the ascending aorta.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1556543973368-CG2F4V5EVJKMIBI2FSLJ/Hoffman_AnkleSprain.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Ankle sprain</image:title>
      <image:caption>A sprained ankle occurs when you roll or twist your ankle, causing the ligaments around your ankle to become damaged. This illustration depicts some of the ligaments that can be torn in a severe ankle sprain, including the anterior tibiofibular ligament anterior talofibular ligament, and calcaneofibular ligament.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903611314-22UP84CJA88HOL92U3LM/Hoffman_Eye.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Cross sectional anatomy of the eye</image:title>
      <image:caption>Cross section anatomy of the eye, including the optic nerve, fovea, sclera, choroid, retina, lens, zonular fibers, pupil, cornea, pars plicata, and pars plana.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1424377443383-OYOZAX2WDFMHCVE6DE20/Hoffman_Meredith_LR.gif</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Surgical Instruments</image:title>
      <image:caption />
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903543915-W9DRR63FH2POM7UEDFCY/Hoffman_3ComponentModel.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Three component model of force transmission in muscles</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram showing the three component model of force transmission in muscles, including the parallel elastic component (PEC), series elastic component (SEC), and contractile component (CE). The contractile element is further made up of sarcomeres containing the microfilaments actin and myosin, while titin is an element of the series elastic component.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1507381625894-7LHAQH2MNUHU5326T3VG/Kidneys_Flattened_LR.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Kidneys</image:title>
      <image:caption />
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903552795-0LAIYA5GOSXBVGGLX6Z2/Hoffman_MuscleLength.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Compression in long and short muscle lengths</image:title>
      <image:caption>Compression in Long and Short Muscle Lengths Diagram comparing the compression of the three component of force transmission in a biceps brachii muscle in long and short muscle length positions.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903560967-5CFH03OKGJ51TTNWHTYQ/Hoffman_DNA.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - DNA structure</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram of the structure of DNA, including the major groove, minor groove, sugar phosphate backbone, and base pairs of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903651734-2HFQ9TEYOX60TQZQT0OV/Hoffman_CervicalSpine_Sagittal.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Sagittal view of the cervical spine</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration showing the anatomy of a sagittal section of the cervical spine.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903669883-AT5CEGH4TZ6OYHPFYOW6/Hoffman_Kidneys.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Anatomy of the kidneys</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration depicting the anatomy a pair of kidneys, including the ureter, and a cross-section showing the renal pelvis, renal cortex, renal medulla, major calyx, and minor calyx.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549929392407-H1HSQGPOF4UKCZZWDRZ8/Hoffman_BrainRegions.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Lobes of the brain</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration detailing the major regions of the brain, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903706983-N8S5FKMGS59S1QTX1ER8/Hoffman_StomachLine.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Celiac trunk and blood supply to the stomach</image:title>
      <image:caption>Anatomy of the blood supply to the stomach and duodenum, originating from the celiac trunk and abdominal aorta. Branches include the left gastric artery, esophageal branch, splenic artery, short gastric arteries, left gastro-omental artery, common hepatic artery, hepatic artery proper, right gastric artery, gastroduodenal artery, right gastro-omental artery, and the superior mesenteric artery.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903721606-B7KFNJ1ROYZB7SB5MMZC/Hoffman_ShoulderLigaments.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Anatomy of the shoulder and its ligaments</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration depicting the anterior anatomy of the glenohumeral joint, including the humerus, clavicle, scapula, coracoacromial ligament, acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, trapezoid ligament, and conoid ligament.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903742994-J3GEFNQVR34HR1QST0VD/Hoffman_Eczema.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Eczema of the foot</image:title>
      <image:caption>Editorial illustration depicting eczema of the foot. This illustration originally accompanied a writer’s description of life with this condition, published in Esopus Magazine.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1424377810357-70ZHKXTC6TID117F5VNJ/WorldsFairTyphoid_WM_LR.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Typhoid at the Chicago 1893 World's Fair</image:title>
      <image:caption>Published as a cover illustration for the Northwestern Public Health Review, accompanying Dr. Bronwyn Rae's article on the typhoid outbreak in Chicago leading up to the Columbian Exposition</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903763752-YU7IICT2W840QOI026ZB/Hoffman_SurgicalInstruments.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Surgical instruments</image:title>
      <image:caption>Line illustrations showing the structure of several common surgical instruments, including a retractor, hemostat, and a gloved hand with scissors.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903801191-ZOV6J1CW5F4MHYB0IO5B/Hoffman_Heart.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Anatomy of the heart</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration showing the anatomy of the anterior heart, including the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary vessels, and coronary vessels.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1550105637740-15XH64KTOCE9FXU16XCA/Hoffman_HeartCrossSection.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2D Illustration - Blood flow through the heart</image:title>
      <image:caption>Cross section of the heart with arrows showing the path that blood flows through the vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.hoffmanvisuals.com/3d-illustration-nl</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-19</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903998394-AE4D5CDIYKVJ83XWVKAB/Hoffman_Glut1.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Mechanism of Glucose Transport by GLUT1</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein within the cell membrane, showing how GLUT1 undergoes a conformational change upon glucose binding. This change allows glucose to be released into the cell, moving naturally down its concentration gradient.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549903998394-AE4D5CDIYKVJ83XWVKAB/Hoffman_Glut1.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Mechanism of Glucose Transport by GLUT1</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein within the cell membrane, showing how GLUT1 undergoes a conformational change upon glucose binding. This change allows glucose to be released into the cell, moving naturally down its concentration gradient.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549904013627-YJO4QI3V3EWRV9RTW7ZR/Hoffman_CTEPoster.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Chronic traumatic encephalopathy</image:title>
      <image:caption>Infographic depicting the four stages of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in individuals with a history of repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI). Changes as the disease progresses includes a buildup of tau proteins, brain atrophy, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Also outlined are the prevention and return to play guidelines recommended for individuals that have experienced a traumatic brain injury.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549904645987-4HI6LD0DNM1NJ9WRXG3G/Hoffman_retina.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Cells of the Retina</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D editorial illustration showing the various cell types in the retina of the human eye, including ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods, cones, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1424381812612-8T3S3556CWZI9XU81GTO/GLUT1_WM_LR.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1447113013380-AHFDD4OMPB1AC8G7Y9TP/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Stomach with Hiatal Hernia</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of a stomach with a hiatal hernia, in which the upper part of the stomach pushes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1426859158809-WX9BJVSKYRWT6JV1VQFK/Octopus_LR.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Evil Octopus</image:title>
      <image:caption />
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549904037701-N6PZZYMSVLXDM512T6M4/Hoffman_RBC.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Red blood cells</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration depicting erythrocytes (red blood cells) within a vessel.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549904051977-QC2B6Y38OZ2N8ERUF27D/Hoffman_proteinscene.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Aquaporins in the cell membrane</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of an aquaporin protein embedded in a cell membrane</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549904066973-26FP4SMMGVMBOZVDR1XS/Hoffman_Ecoli.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>3D Illustration - Bacterial conjugation in E. coli</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration depicting bacterial conjugation in Escherichia coli (E. coli).</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.hoffmanvisuals.com/animation-nl</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-02-25</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905992153-PUQSCLGHSMNTJOZ8ZW72/Hoffman_mTBI_thumbnail.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Animation - Mild Traumatic Brain Injury</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D and motion graphic animation outlining the definition and significant statistics surrounding mild traumatic brain injury and concussion. The animation further details the cellular changes that occur on a pathophysiological level to the brain during an mTBI, including changes to blood flow, damage to neuron cell membranes, microtubule damage, and neuron swelling.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905992153-PUQSCLGHSMNTJOZ8ZW72/Hoffman_mTBI_thumbnail.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Animation - Mild Traumatic Brain Injury</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D and motion graphic animation outlining the definition and significant statistics surrounding mild traumatic brain injury and concussion. The animation further details the cellular changes that occur on a pathophysiological level to the brain during an mTBI, including changes to blood flow, damage to neuron cell membranes, microtubule damage, and neuron swelling.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905974567-GQ3WUD0KLZUCLJ5NBT2V/Hoffman_DNAMethylation_Thumbnail.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Animation - DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D animation detailing the process of DNA methylation and its role in cancer cells</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905962308-I5V4LOEAZJ53YQ4UXQD4/Hoffman_GLUT1_thumbnail.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Animation - Mechanism of glucose transport by GLUT1</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D animation showing the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein within the cell membrane, and detailing how GLUT1 undergoes a conformational change upon glucose binding. This change allows glucose to be released into the cell, moving naturally down its concentration gradient.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.hoffmanvisuals.com/all-1</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-11-28</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/t/638500035f679917d0dcd130/1549903014327/</image:loc>
      <image:title>All</image:title>
      <image:caption />
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/5c61a148b208fce9d3390046/5c61a4a671c10bb5e2facbb8/1549903014327/</image:loc>
      <image:title>All</image:title>
      <image:caption />
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905440934-LED3878G3BAPAZSB088O/Hoffman_AorticDissection.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Blood flow through a normal aorta and an aorta with an aortic dissection</image:title>
      <image:caption>In a dissection, a tear in the inner layer of the vessel causes blood to flow between the layers and form a false lumen. Depicted here is a type A aortic dissection - a dissection occurring in the ascending aorta.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905555676-U1CRCS9A8XVIZ68PP5K0/Hoffman_Glut1.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Mechanism of glucose transport by the GLUT1 protein</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein within the cell membrane, showing how GLUT1 undergoes a conformational change upon glucose binding. This change allows glucose to be released into the cell, moving naturally down its concentration gradient.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905441308-K6SCCPHJE4WW4C6BQ2AU/Hoffman_CervicalSpine_Sagittal.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Sagittal view of the cervical spine</image:title>
      <image:caption />
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905442260-2SFZFKEAS9FWA465SKVL/Hoffman_DNA.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - DNA structure</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram of the structure of DNA, including the major groove, minor groove, sugar phosphate backbone, and base pairs of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905441856-YR5KG8U1EU0JZHWFJ0M6/Hoffman_Eczema.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Eczema of the foot</image:title>
      <image:caption>Editorial illustration depicting eczema of the foot. This illustration originally accompanied a writer’s description of life with this condition, published in Esopus Magazine.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905859174-VDXE39E8LMMY7C9ZICID/Hoffman_mTBI_thumbnail.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Mild Traumatic Brain Injury</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D and motion graphic animation outlining the definition and significant statistics surrounding mild traumatic brain injury and concussion. The animation further details the cellular changes that occur on a pathophysiological level to the brain during an mTBI, including changes to blood flow, damage to neuron cell membranes, microtubule damage, and neuron swelling.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905443754-DR3C187LEYNE70TRZ0PT/Hoffman_Eye.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Cross sectional anatomy of the eye</image:title>
      <image:caption>Cross section anatomy of the eye, including the optic nerve, fovea, sclera, choroid, retina, lens, zonular fibers, pupil, cornea, pars plicata, and pars plana.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549929418744-HU1FJ8T1NQ7OJOZF3VLN/Hoffman_BrainRegions.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Lobes of the brain</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration detailing the major regions of the brain, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905443052-U5CIX7S9LCQL6CHCKUBB/Hoffman_Heart.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Anatomy of the heart</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration showing the anatomy of the anterior heart, including the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary vessels, and coronary vessels.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1550105653698-Y9BJNPZ4N6DRLCFBS7U5/Hoffman_HeartCrossSection.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Blood flow through the heart</image:title>
      <image:caption>Cross section of the heart with arrows showing the path that blood flows through the vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905444046-FCJ6YL3Y2UTDEBECV46B/Hoffman_Kidneys.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Anatomy of the kidneys</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration depicting the anatomy a pair of kidneys, including the ureter, and a cross-section showing the renal pelvis, renal cortex, renal medulla, major calyx, and minor calyx.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905440612-C1VLANZ3OY4A7ELRODFM/Hoffman_3ComponentModel.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Three component model of force transmission in muscles</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram showing the three component model of force transmission in muscles, including the parallel elastic component (PEC), series elastic component (SEC), and contractile component (CE). The contractile element is further made up of sarcomeres containing the microfilaments actin and myosin, while titin is an element of the series elastic component.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:title>All - Compression in long and short muscle lengths</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram comparing the compression of the three component of force transmission in a biceps brachii muscle in long and short muscle length positions.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Chronic traumatic encephalopathy</image:title>
      <image:caption>Infographic depicting the four stages of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in individuals with a history of repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI). Changes as the disease progresses includes a buildup of tau proteins, brain atrophy, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Also outlined are the prevention and return to play guidelines recommended for individuals that have experienced a traumatic brain injury.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Anatomy of the shoulder and its ligaments</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration depicting the anterior anatomy of the glenohumeral joint, including the humerus, clavicle, scapula, coracoacromial ligament, acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, trapezoid ligament, and conoid ligament.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Red blood cells</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration depicting erythrocytes (red blood cells) within a vessel.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Celiac trunk and blood supply to the stomach</image:title>
      <image:caption>Anatomy of the blood supply to the stomach and duodenum, originating from the celiac trunk and abdominal aorta. Branches include the left gastric artery, esophageal branch, splenic artery, short gastric arteries, left gastro-omental artery, common hepatic artery, hepatic artery proper, right gastric artery, gastroduodenal artery, right gastro-omental artery, and the superior mesenteric artery.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D animation detailing the process of DNA methylation and its role in cancer cells.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Aquaporins in the cell membrane</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of an aquaporin protein embedded in a cell membrane</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Surgical instruments</image:title>
      <image:caption>Line illustrations showing the structure of several common surgical instruments, including a retractor, hemostat, and a gloved hand with scissors.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Typhoid at the Chicago World's Fair</image:title>
      <image:caption>Editorial illustration, originally appearing the Fall 2014 issue of the Northwestern Public Health Review, showing the typhoid outbreak in Chicago leading up to the 1893 World’s Fair</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>3D illustration depicting bacterial conjugation in Escherichia coli (E. coli).</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>3D character design illustrating an evil octopus</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>3D illustration of a stomach with a hiatal hernia, in which the upper part of the stomach pushes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Mechanism of glucose transport by GLUT1</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D animation showing the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein within the cell membrane, and detailing how GLUT1 undergoes a conformational change upon glucose binding. This change allows glucose to be released into the cell, moving naturally down its concentration gradient.</image:caption>
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    <lastmod>2025-05-12</lastmod>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://www.hoffmanvisuals.com/about</loc>
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    <lastmod>2022-03-19</lastmod>
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      <image:title>About - About Meredith</image:title>
      <image:caption>Meredith Hoffman, MS, CMI  is a Colorado-based board certified medical illustrator and animator, and is driven by a desire improve science literacy and education through the use of compelling imagery and storytelling. With highly specialized training in graduate level human anatomy, cadaver dissection, biology, molecular pharmacology, molecular biology, pathophysiology, advanced digital illustration, 3D modeling, advanced 2D and 3D animation, graphic design, and the translation of medical imaging data into 2D and 3D visualizations, Meredith is an expert at combining artistry with scholarly scientific knowledge to solve visual communication problems. She has additional professional experience creating custom med-legal exhibits, editorial illustrations, animations, as well as teaching advanced 3D modeling at the graduate level.  Meredith received a  Master of Science in Biomedical Visualization from the University of Illinois at Chicago, one of the only accredited graduate programs that train professional medical illustrators and animators. During her time at UIC, Meredith completed her research, visualizing the pathophysiology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) for museum display, in collaboration with National Museum of Health and Medicine Chicago, where she created an animation and accompanying visuals to be incorporated into a museum exhibit on traumatic brain injuries. Meredith previously received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Art and Design with a minor in Biology from the University of Michigan.  From an early age, she was instilled with a sense of curiosity with the natural world, and was constantly motivated to acquire new knowledge. Now, that same curiosity fuels her interest in nearly everything science and art-related, and to develop creative visual solutions for communicating complex scientific and medical information.</image:caption>
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    <lastmod>2019-02-16</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://www.hoffmanvisuals.com/all</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-02-11</lastmod>
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      <image:title>All - Blood flow through a normal aorta and an aorta with an aortic dissection</image:title>
      <image:caption>In a dissection, a tear in the inner layer of the vessel causes blood to flow between the layers and form a false lumen. Depicted here is a type A aortic dissection - a dissection occurring in the ascending aorta.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:title>All - Mechanism of glucose transport by the GLUT1 protein</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein within the cell membrane, showing how GLUT1 undergoes a conformational change upon glucose binding. This change allows glucose to be released into the cell, moving naturally down its concentration gradient.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905441308-K6SCCPHJE4WW4C6BQ2AU/Hoffman_CervicalSpine_Sagittal.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Sagittal view of the cervical spine</image:title>
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      <image:title>All - DNA structure</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram of the structure of DNA, including the major groove, minor groove, sugar phosphate backbone, and base pairs of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:title>All - Eczema of the foot</image:title>
      <image:caption>Editorial illustration depicting eczema of the foot. This illustration originally accompanied a writer’s description of life with this condition, published in Esopus Magazine.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Cross sectional anatomy of the eye</image:title>
      <image:caption>Cross section anatomy of the eye, including the optic nerve, fovea, sclera, choroid, retina, lens, zonular fibers, pupil, cornea, pars plicata, and pars plana.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:title>All - Lobes of the brain</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration detailing the major regions of the brain, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905443052-U5CIX7S9LCQL6CHCKUBB/Hoffman_Heart.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Anatomy of the heart</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration showing the anatomy of the anterior heart, including the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary vessels, and coronary vessels.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1550105653698-Y9BJNPZ4N6DRLCFBS7U5/Hoffman_HeartCrossSection.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Blood flow through the heart</image:title>
      <image:caption>Cross section of the heart with arrows showing the path that blood flows through the vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54dcbc8ce4b058844278f6d6/1549905444046-FCJ6YL3Y2UTDEBECV46B/Hoffman_Kidneys.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All - Anatomy of the kidneys</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration depicting the anatomy a pair of kidneys, including the ureter, and a cross-section showing the renal pelvis, renal cortex, renal medulla, major calyx, and minor calyx.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Three component model of force transmission in muscles</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram showing the three component model of force transmission in muscles, including the parallel elastic component (PEC), series elastic component (SEC), and contractile component (CE). The contractile element is further made up of sarcomeres containing the microfilaments actin and myosin, while titin is an element of the series elastic component.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Compression in long and short muscle lengths</image:title>
      <image:caption>Diagram comparing the compression of the three component of force transmission in a biceps brachii muscle in long and short muscle length positions.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Chronic traumatic encephalopathy</image:title>
      <image:caption>Infographic depicting the four stages of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in individuals with a history of repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI). Changes as the disease progresses includes a buildup of tau proteins, brain atrophy, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Also outlined are the prevention and return to play guidelines recommended for individuals that have experienced a traumatic brain injury.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Anatomy of the shoulder and its ligaments</image:title>
      <image:caption>Illustration depicting the anterior anatomy of the glenohumeral joint, including the humerus, clavicle, scapula, coracoacromial ligament, acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, trapezoid ligament, and conoid ligament.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Red blood cells</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration depicting erythrocytes (red blood cells) within a vessel.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Celiac trunk and blood supply to the stomach</image:title>
      <image:caption>Anatomy of the blood supply to the stomach and duodenum, originating from the celiac trunk and abdominal aorta. Branches include the left gastric artery, esophageal branch, splenic artery, short gastric arteries, left gastro-omental artery, common hepatic artery, hepatic artery proper, right gastric artery, gastroduodenal artery, right gastro-omental artery, and the superior mesenteric artery.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Aquaporins in the cell membrane</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of an aquaporin protein embedded in a cell membrane</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Line illustrations showing the structure of several common surgical instruments, including a retractor, hemostat, and a gloved hand with scissors.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Typhoid at the Chicago World's Fair</image:title>
      <image:caption>Editorial illustration, originally appearing the Fall 2014 issue of the Northwestern Public Health Review, showing the typhoid outbreak in Chicago leading up to the 1893 World’s Fair</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Bacterial conjugation in E. coli</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration depicting bacterial conjugation in Escherichia coli (E. coli).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Evil octopus character design</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D character design illustrating an evil octopus</image:caption>
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      <image:title>All - Hiatal hernia</image:title>
      <image:caption>3D illustration of a stomach with a hiatal hernia, in which the upper part of the stomach pushes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.</image:caption>
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